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The authors of the paper did discover a wide range of approaches, with some managers going on gut instinct and others using very formalised processes.
調查發現，他們的決策方式確實各不相同，一些管理者憑直覺行事，另一些則循規蹈矩。
But the researchers found that bosses who use more structured processes tend to lead bigger and faster-growing firms (which way causality runs is not clear).
但研究人員發現，老板采用的流程越有條理，其帶領的公司往往規模更大、發展更快(其中的邏輯關系尚不清楚)。
They also tend to make decisions more slowly.
他們做決定的速度也往往更慢。
Mr Musk and his acolytes are in a different camp: fast, informal and aggressive.
馬斯克和其追隨者的方式則與眾不同：快速、不拘小節又十分激進。
Reports are already surfacing of fired Twitter workers being asked to come back.
已經有報道稱推特正在召回部分被炒員工了。
He is unorthodox in another way, too.
馬斯克在另一方面也沒有遵循正統。
Peter Drucker, a doyen among management thinkers, described the CEO as being the person in the organisation who bridges the outside world and the inner workings of the company.
管理思維界的元老彼得·德魯克稱，首席執行官的職責是將外部世界與公司內部的運作連接在一起。
No one else in the firm is in a position to combine these perspectives, Mr Drucker wrote.
德魯克寫道，公司里的其他人都無法把這些點結合起來。
Mr Musk is not so much bridging this gap as making the distinction between the inside and outside of the company irrelevant.
至于馬斯克，與其說他是在彌合鴻溝，不如說他是在讓公司內外之間的區別變得無關緊要。
His personal brand and wealth is inextricably linked with the other firms he runs.
他的個人品牌和財富與他經營的其他公司有著千絲萬縷的聯系。
At Twitter he is going even further, tossing out product ideas on his own Twitter feed, polling the audience for their views and offering real-time commentary on how things are going.
而推特更甚，他會在自己的推特推送上拋出產品想法，調查受眾的看法，并對事情進展進行實時評論。
And Twitter itself is a platform on which everyone else—users, ex-employees, the people who founded the firm, policymakers and pundits—weighs in publicly to say how things are going.
推特這個平臺本身就允許所有人公開發表意見，談論事情的進展，包括用戶、前員工、公司創始人、政策制定者和權威人士。
There is not much of an inside to talk of.
沒有太多內部消息可談。
You might object that Mr Musk is a one-off, and so is this deal.
你可能會反對說，馬斯克是前無古人，后無來者，這筆交易也是如此。
When he first made his offer to buy Twitter, he explicitly said that it was not because of an economic rationale.
他第一次提出收購推特時曾明確表示，這么做不是為了賺錢。
He later tried to wriggle out of the transaction entirely.
后來，他試圖完全退出這筆交易。
The story of a billionaire owner of a social-media platform has little in common with the challenges that preoccupy the salaried executives of most public firms.
億萬富翁擁有社交媒體平臺的故事，與大多數上市公司的領薪高管所面臨的挑戰幾乎沒有共同之處。
Maybe so, but if Mr Musk makes another success of his latest venture by being brutal to his workforce, skipping the PowerPoint sessions and managing through memes, the MBA will still need a bit of an update.
也許是這樣的吧，但如果馬斯克通過殘酷對待員工、跳過PPT會議并用表情包管理員工，讓他的最新事業再次取得成功，那工商管理碩士課程就仍需要進行更新。
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